Management of dog bite pdf ©2012 b Consequence Likelihood Hi g hly Unlikely Unlikely P o ssi le Likely A lm o st C e r tain Level 6 6 12 18 24 30 Level 5 5 10 15 20 25 Level 4 4 8 12 16 20 The data were analyzed using Microsoft EXCEL and epi-info7 software. Risk factors for dog bites are male gender and younger age1,2. 5 Low- income countries are estimated to have a higher incidence of bites and resulting fatal-ities than high-income countries due to the Sep 21, 2021 · Any person can suffer a dog bite from domestic or stray dogs, which carries a risk of rabies if the dog is unvaccinated. 44 (29%) of the study subjects preferred to observe the dog for at least ten days following dog bite before being advised the same at health facility. May 13, 2021 · • Seasonal pattern of dog bite; peak incidence-10 weeks following the peak stray-dog breeding period, due to maternal protective behaviour of stray dogs. The dog bite Management and prevention of animal bites are best served by conducting thorough investigations of bite incidents and basing decisions and recommendations on the information gathered. If the animal has escaped or cannot be identified, the patient Jul 17, 2024 · INTRODUCTION • Dog bite is an injury inflicted by a dog on humans. occlusal or clenched fist). Of particular importance is the presence of species isolated in 50% of dog bite wounds. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not routine for fresh, uninfected dog bites, but should be considered for severe crush injuries or distal extremity punctures. Randomized Controlled Trial of Prophylactic Antibiotics for Dog Bites with Refined Cost Model. Dog bite wounds are often characterized by significant tissue Introduction: Dog bites in humans are a major public health problem. Executive Summary Notes for this second edition: Some aspects of the dog bite situation have changed since the first writing of this paper in 2006. 8 In Canada between 1990 and 2007, 24 of 28 fatal dog bites occurred in children younger than 12 Sep 4, 2020 · 2. Most dog bites involve children and young adults. Prophylactic antibiotics were used in most studies for dog bite injuries, ranging from 81% to 100%. 6,7 Although literature exists on Jan 1, 2005 · To determine current practice in the management of dog bite wounds with regard to the use of prophylactic antibiotics and primary closure and to compare the available evidence. It discusses: 1) Rabies is a fatal viral disease transmitted through animal bites that is 100% preventable through post-exposure prophylaxis. • Any risk factors for infecCon. Gouin and collaborators suggested that a multifaceted educational intervention targeting many stakeholders (children, parents, dog owners and the whole community) could be an Nov 15, 2013 · Guidelines for the management of dog bites include irrigation, dιbridment, antibiotic therapy, consideration of tetanus and rabies immunisation and suture of wounds or surgical reconstruction. 3 Dog bites occur more frequently in young children 4,5 and have a higher risk of resulting in serious injury or death, 6,7 usually from exsanguination. However, dog bites and the infections caused by it can be easily prevented by suitable behaviour around dogs The bites by dogs, cats and monkeys carry a huge public health burden in terms of mortality and morbidity and can lead to rabies, a disease which is 100% fatal and preventable. This review is aimed at clinicians who deal with dog and Aug 8, 2018 · In a study of 426 injurie from dog bites requiring a physician's attention, Dr. Dog bites usually comprise crush injuries, lacerations and abrasions. 13. Human or dog bites generally do not cause immediate symptoms in addition to the laceration injury. Bite related injury can vary greatly depending on the bitting animal’s characteristics and the anatomic location of the bite. Oct 15, 2024 · Dog bites are a unique and unusual injury in children, associated with atypical bacterial species, high infection rates, and controversial surgical treatment. Anti-tetanus prophylaxis should be given. Keywords: Non-descript dogs, snake bite, management Introduction Snake bite in animals generally occurs during hunting or while playing in the garden. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. Literature related to dog bite and its consequences. It also lists two hospitals that stock rabies immunoglobulin. Sep 21, 2020 · PDF | In rabies endemic areas, appropriate management of dog bites is critical in human rabies prevention. Most dog and cat bite injuries are minor wounds that require only local wound care as well a patient evaluation for tetanus and rabies postexposure immunoprophylaxis. Literature related to knowledge regarding first aid management of dog bite. • describe therapeutic management of dog bite • describe nursing management of dog bite. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ANIMAL BITE & RABIES 1. Included study designs were retrospective, prospective, and randomized trials. Oct 25, 2016 · Dog Population Management and Dog Bite Prevention in Rural and Remote Northern Saskatchewan Aboriginal Communities October 2016 DOI: 10. Animal Management: Management of a Dog, Cat or Ferret that Bites . 2) Post-exposure prophylaxis involves wound cleansing Postexposure prophylaxis for rabies is indicated for all dog bites where the rabies status of the dog cannot be determined, or the animal cannot be quarantined for 10 days. 50245 Human and Animal Bite V 3. A clinical trial using co-trimoxazole in an attempt to reduce wound infection rates in dog bite wounds. Feb 23, 2021 · Objective: This project is to identify current evidence in the literature on epidemiology, management and prevention of dog and cat bites. Injured patients most frequently suffer from extensive and deep wounds resulting in traumatic shock [5]. Most dog bite injuries involve the face or an extremity. Rabies Control Manual – Animal Management: Dog, Cat or Ferret that Bites a Human May 2023 Page 1 of 3 . The force delivered by dog jaws while biting can be as high as 200-450 psi and result in devitalisation of the wound tissue with associated Jul 1, 2013 · Recommendations for the management of dog bite lesions involving external genitalia include irrigation, dιbridment, antibiotic therapy, consideration of tetanus and rabies immunisation and suture of wounds or surgical reconstruction. " Reported infection rates for dog bites range from 1. Elsevier. Animal bites account for 1% of ED visits and more than $50 million in healthcare costs annually in the United States. Generally, the management of dog bites depends on the location of the bite, the overall health condition of the bitten person and whether or not the dog is vaccinated against rabies. The immediate local or systemic symptoms can be severe following a bite from a venomous animal (eg, snake, lizard, spider). Oct 1, 2012 · Dog bites account for 0. Globally, millions of people are bitten by dogs but most of the fatal cases occur in children. " Dog bite wounds are at a moderate risk for infection when compared with other types of mammalianbite wounds. This topic will focus on dog and cat bites and the common sequelae as 1 Animals and Society Institute: o ites: roes nd otions eised 1. Most dog bite wounds can be managed in the general practice setting. 2. The secondary infection rate following a dog bite ranged from 0 to 35%. However, if the biting animal has remained healthy and alive until 14 days after the bite, no treatment is needed. This information was compatible with the literature (2, 3, 4,9). In a database review of dog bites to the hand applied to Emergency Department or to a Department of Hand Surgery in Malmö, Sweden 2008-2009, we found 81 cases (42 men and 39 women) median age 45 (range 2-88) years. It is difficult to understand what provokes a dog so it is prudent to start PEP at the earliest. Meslin FX. 6% to 30%," 6, 8, 19-21, 24, 29, 46, 48, 53, 56, 60 whereas infection rates for Dog vaccination reduces deaths attributable to dog-mediated rabies and the need for post-exposure prophylaxis, which is part of dog-bite patient care. 10 Jan 1, 2021 · PDF | On Jan 1, 2021, Mehdi Shirzaei Jalali and others published MANAGEMENT OF A DOG BITE WOUND: A CASE REPORT | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Jul 6, 2020 · PDF | On Jul 6, 2020, Anand Dixit published Dog bite management | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Jul 17, 2009 · Dog bites can cause serious wounds and infections. 1 In the United States, animal bites are a very common health issue, causing Browne G et al. 1996b]. This study revealed extensive gaps in the knowledge pertaining to and inadequate management of dog bites among frontline healthcare service providers. Specialist opinion is advisable for wounds of the face and hand. Study inclusion criteria were as follows: study must directly address one of our three review questions, describe the surgical management of dog bites, and the predominant population investigated were children (>25 % of the study population was <21 years old). 13140/RG. 33%) of the study participants had been bitten by a dog in the past of which 35 (74. Bites were unprovoked in 86. 17-22. Bites by rodents, rabbits and domestic animals other than dogs and cats do not required rabies post-exposure treatment unless the animal is proven rabid. • Whether the skin was broken. Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports 5; c2020, p. Dandle C and Looke D. a Human (NCGS130A-196) According to NCGS 130A-196 “… All dogs and cats that bite a person shall be immediately Dog bite victims are more likely to be male and younger (<12 years old) than cat bite victims [Patrick 1998]. 17 Pasteurella species are the predominant Apr 15, 2001 · A more recent article on dog and cat bites is available. • state pathogenesis of rabies. Bite by wild animals: Bite by all wild animals should be Assessment of Human Bite • Assess and document under what circumstances the bite occurred: Who was biLen by whom. Facial bite wounds in the maxillofacial region pose a unique challenge to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Bite Wound Care and Management Bites can cause tissue damage but can also become reduce the risk of dog bites and zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted from Aug 22, 2023 · There were significant association between level of knowledge regarding first aid management of dog bite and religion, monthly family income and selected socio-demographic variables, according to college students. Literature related to knowledge regarding prevention of dog bite. 38,41,45,47, SO, 68 Ten to 20 dog bite-related fatalities occur per year in the United States. 3%) were male and 206 (23. •CC: Dog bite •Patient reported that he was bit by his neighbors’ dog on the back of his left leg after he finished mowing their grass. Cats are less likely to engage in physical confrontation and are quicker to escape, though, if caught, they are more likely to be seriously injured. | Find, read and cite all the research Nearly one third i. • The profile of such bites varies by country or region, based on the living condition, indigenous species and opportunity for encounter. Early and standard management of dog bite or bite from similar animal is key to prevent mortality and morbidity due to rabies. 3. 5 10 Paediatric dog bites are common in the summer months and occur most frequently between 16:00 and 20:00 and on weekends. The Use of Antibiotics in the Initial Management of Recent Dog-bite Wounds. C. 84. Basic medical management of bite wounds Millions of people worldwide require urgent medical care annually due to bites and injuries inflicted by wild or domestic animals [2]. It outlines workflows for dog bite case management at outbreak and non-outbreak divisions. In 2012, there were approximately 70 million pet dogs and 74 million pet cats in the US. Dog-on-cat encounters often cause more damage than cat-on-cat and dog-on-dog fights (Halfacree, 2017), while the prognosis for cats with thoracic May 30, 2023 · When Animals Bite People or Are Exposed to Rabies (PDF) Animals That Bite: Management of a Dog, Cat or Ferret That Bites a Human (PDF) 10-day Confinement of Dogs, Cats and Ferrets That Bite People: Q&A and Recommendations (PDF) Management of Livestock and Horses That Bite Humans (PDF). Although bites are usually minor, aggressive dogs may cause extensive bites developing to a public health problem. Rosen RA. On the other hand, another essential strategy to prevent human death from rabies is to provide appropriate animal bite management to all animal bite victims. history who presented to ED for dog bite. 51 , 52 However , the CA. Relatively minor wounds can become infected; therefore, all bites should be evaluated carefully and thoroughly regarding potential complications. 62 (41. It is a general term referring to for ‘dog bites and strikes’ (which will now be referred to as ‘dog bites’) rose by 17% to over 8000 per year in England. Children aged 5-14 are most commonly bitten. Conclusion: High-quality evidence regarding the surgical management of pediatric dog bites is limited. 83. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology and preclinical management of dog bites . found that people who own dogs are the most frequent victims of serious dog bite. A provoked bite does not mean that the biting animal is not rabid. in Wakiso and Kampala districts, Uganda. Jan 12, 2024 · Prevention of dog bites and their serious health consequences. 7%) were female. Surgical management of severe facial trauma after dog bite A Case Report. Objectives At the end of session participants will be able to: • introduce dog bite. In the United Kingdom ~250,000 people attend emergency units each year as a result of dog wounds. Dog bite injuries are common in children and represent an important health-care problem. Among the domestic animals, dogs are most frequently attacked and killed by the snakes (Osweiler, 1996 CKS found no evidence on analgesia for bite wounds but has based this recommendation on what it considers to be good clinical practice and extrapolation from the Public Health Wales publication Health protection team guidance for the management of human bite injuries in Wales [Public Health Wales, 2019]. The main aim of the management is to neutralize any chances for infection and provide an infection free environment for wound healing. In the United States, only wild-animal bites call for rabies prophylaxis. As a result of the injury, she has presented to my This document provides guidelines for managing dog bite cases in Sarawak, Malaysia. In the United States, dog bites account for an average of 337,000 emergency visits and generate medical costs of up to $2 Dog Bite Ppt - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. However, because of the REVIEW ARTICLE The current concepts in management of animal (dog, cat, snake, scorpion) and human bite wounds Hassan Aziz, MD, Peter Rhee, MD, Viraj Pandit, MD, Andrew Tang, MD, Lynn Gries, MD, and Bellal Joseph, MD, Tucson, Arizona A nimal and human bite wounds represent a significant global health issue. The insurance industry estimates it pays more than $1 bil-lion/y in homeowners’ liability claims resulting from dog bites. Victims must wash bite wounds for 15 minutes with soap, water and disinfectant immediately In 70% of dog bite cases, the dog is owned by a family member and children are most commonly bitten in the home. Expert recommendations currently guide management and no surgical evidence-based guidelines exist. Large-scale This document provides guidelines for managing dog or cat bites at a health facility with FMS supervision. Great Britain. A descriptive study conducted by Pradnya Waghmare et al. e. Victims tend to 3. Victims must immediately wash bite wound for | Find, read and cite all the research Oct 25, 2024 · Wounds following a dog or cat bite require special care. 1. The observed inadequacies in the management of dog bites might have led to some vaccine-preventable deaths. The first aid measures include washing the wound with soap and water, applying sterile dressing, controlling any heavy bleeding, and seeking immediate medical care for vaccination and treatment to prevent rabies infection, while also observing the biting dog for 10 days. Sep 26, 2022 · Animal bites account for approximately 1% of all emergency department visits in the United States yearly and range from superficial injuries to disfiguring and even fatal wounds. • state the Sep 1, 2022 · PDF | To perform a review evaluating management of and complications stemming from dog bite trauma sustained to the head and neck over the past decade. Although it has been reported that the Bite wounds are more common in dogs than cats. 47 (31. 4%) belonged to 11-20 years age group. Musculoskeletal and neurovascular injuries, as well as systemic infections, can Provoked versus unprovoked bite: A provoked dog bite should also be managed as an exposure and PEP started immediately. 1 The burden on the health care system is higher Nov 20, 2022 · Background Dog bite injuries are a common presentation to Accident and Emergency. 46,49,53 Cats represent a larger portion (89. •Dad drove him home quickly and wrapped his leg with a clean towel then presented to Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) for further care. 1985; 3 (1): 19-23 4. 5% of all pediatric presentations for medical attention, 1,2 and almost 50% of children have sustained dog bites. 1 All bite wounds warrant veterinary attention, regardless of severity, because they can be life-threatening, especially if significant thoracic or abdominal trauma has occurred. Relevant agencies involved include health departments, hospitals, clinics, veterinary services, and laboratories. Am Fam Physician. This study aims to understand the knowledge Risk can be difficult to assess because of limited injury from bat bite compared to terrestrial animals –Bats involved in potential human exposures should be caught and tested when possible –Patient should be interviewed to determine if bite, scratch, or mucous membrane exposure could have occurred Dec 21, 2021 · The majority of dog bite injuries to the face were managed by primary repair, ranging from 56. 9. Management of mammalian bites. Nov 4, 2019 · The purpose of this case repoft is to create awareness about management of rabid dog bite to a HIV positive patient with the imporlance of immunodiagnostic test such as rabies antibody titre test. 1-4 Globally, an estimated 55000 people die of rabies annually and more than half the deaths were because of the bites by rabid dogs. There are myths and Direct costs of dog bite injuries are high. Jul 24, 2013 · Demographic data of patients with K-9 dog bites, the number and location of bites, complications, procedures performed, and management of bites were recorded and compared between the periods 1988 Dog bites are among the most frequent causes of nonfatal injuries in the United States. We conducted a systematic review to answer three management questions: (1) What are the best practices for wound management? (2) In what Feb 20, 2020 · In rabies endemic areas, appropriate management of dog bites is critical in human rabies prevention. and prevention in high- income and middle- pdf/ h/ 6/ animal_ bites_ m12_ 1415. Assessment for the risk of tetanus and rabies virus infection, and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibi-otics, are essential in the management of dog bites. • The nature of the bite (i. Oct 1, 2012 · Appropriate tetanus and rabies prophylaxis as indicated should also be a part of caring for a patient who has sustained a dog bite, as well as local debridement and thorough cleaning of the wound. For larger wounds, primary or delayed primary closure can be performed safely where indicated. 6 There are also medical insurance claims, workmen’s The symptoms that emerge following a bite depend on the type of animal infl icting the insult. 4 In the USA, dog bites account for an average of 337103 emergency visits per year. 2. largely anecdotal. Postgraduate Medical Journal 1985; 61: 593-594 5. 50,54 In contrast to dogs, cat bites are largely inflicted by the owner’s own cat First aid fact sheet In a medical emergency call Triple Zero (000) DRSABCD Danger Response Send for help Airway Breathing CPR Defibrillation You could save a life Dog bites account for 0. 626 cases (71. Newborns and infants are the most common victims of bite attacks from pet ferrets [Applegate 1998]. Bite Wound Care and Management Bites can cause tissue damage but can also become reduce the risk of dog bites and zoonotic diseases that can be transmitted from Aug 12, 2020 · review focuses on the dog bite management . Textbook of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Third Edition. Risk Assessment - Dog Bites Author: Susan McKeon Page 4 of 7 Dog bite risk assessment_01. 16–18 The microbiology of dog bite wounds is polymicrobial, with a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes. Feb 1, 2024 · It is crucial to explore knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) about rabies among the people in the community, the personnel dealing with animal bite management and suspected rabies patients Bite wounds constitute 10%–15% of acute injuries in dogs and cats admitted to veterinary practices. Large dog breeds are more likely to bite the head and neck, causing deep tissue damage. 5. Managing bite wounds can be challenging and providers must consider the patient's tetanus status, species of animal inflicting Feb 16, 2020 · medical care and victims treating dog bite wounds with traditional herbal concoctions remain . 5 44 This may reflect times where children are more likely to be around dogs, potentially unsupervised Nov 22, 2019 · Results from only modelling papers from the final corpus of the effects of methods of dog population management on the indicators of impact and impact categories. Background: Dog bite is a painful, dangerous and threatening situation, which instills fear about the animal. , occur due to dog bites. 2010; 11(5): 435-441 management of dog and cat bites. The dog became excited and bit the girl on the forearm, leaving a puncture wound. 4%) of provoked attacks as compared to dogs, with additional features of Siamese breed, female gender, and domestic status increasing the risk of attack. It includes annex forms for notification, investigation, and reporting of dog bite cases. Infected wounds are polymicrobial in nature; the most prevalent organisms are Pasteurella, streptococci, staphylococci, and Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Porphyromonas species. Why is observation of 10 days recommended in dog or cat, but not in bite by any other animal? Ans: The observation period of 10 days is valid only for dogs and cats due to the fact that if the Quinn JV, McDermott D, Rossi J et al. Jones DA, Stanbridge TN. Apr 1, 2018 · In this review, we provide a summary of the current evidence for the management of mammalian bites in children, including appropriate investigations, wound management, administration of Amoxicillin-davulanic acid provides adequate empiric coverage for most bite wounds. Nov 21, 2022 · PDF | Rabies is an infectious viral disease endemic worldwide and is fatal after the onset of clinical symptoms. 2018. pdf [Accessed Mar 2020]. 8 In Canada between 1990 and 2007, 24 of 28 fatal dog bites occurred in children younger than 12 A 3-year review of the epidemiology of animal bites in all Indiana counties showed that the most common (78%) bite perpetrator was the dog, with larger breeds of dogs inflicting the more serious bites. • state diagnostic evaluation of rabies. Communities – especially children – should be educated about the risks of dog bites and prevention including avoiding stray dogs and never leaving a child unattended around any dog. Health-care providers should be educated on the appropriate management of dog bites. 47%) were bitten by a stray dog. A dog bite is a main source of rabies. 9%) were of class III category. 4 million. • state incidence of dog bite. Sep 9, 2021 · initial treatment of cat bite wounds is similar to dog bites, entailing irrigation, 19 debridement, wound culture, and assessment of tetanus and rabies risk. 5 When major trauma occurs from dog bites, they are commonly associated with vascular and orthopedic injuries. txt) or view presentation slides online. The Sep 19, 2023 · Many interviewees mentioned a desire for training on different subjects on dogs for children and/or for adults, such as dog care, dog management, bite risk avoidance, etc. 204 cases (23. N. The overall aim Environmental factors associated with increased bite incidence include high humidity and summer months. • list sign and symptoms of rabies. Animal bites are a significant burden to health care systems worldwide. 6. When antimicrobial agents are necessary, inexpensive penicillins or cephalosporins are adequate for initial therapy. pdf), Text File (. ↑ indicates an increasing DOG BITES 1. (2021) on ‘Assessment of knowledge Dec 23, 2017 · Diseases like rabies, tetanus, bacterial infections, etc. In India, an estimated 20,000 deaths occur annually from rabies transmitted mainly by stray dogs. Dog bites account for the majority of animal bites worldwide. 11 Hospital expenses for dog bite-related emergency visits are estimated at $102. 98. • state mode of transmission of rabies. Dogs do not usually bite without provocation. Dog bite injuries are mostly superficial abrasions and lacerations[7]. 34742. 0 Last reviewed: 21/03/2024 Review date: March 2027 Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Human and Animal Bites (CKS Bites – Human and Animal) Management of non-infected wounds Type of bite Bite has not broken the skin Bite has broken the skin but not drawn blood Bite has broken the skin and drawn blood antibiotic therapy for continuously for 5 days and both the dogs made uneventful recovery. 1 A WHO sponsored multicentre study Jul 1, 2023 · Objective To determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of health care provider in the management of dog bite Dog bite is a common presentation seen in pediatric emergency rooms of urban areas of developing countries. J Travel Med 2005;2 Suppl 1:S30-40. • Fatalities from dog bites are more in low- and middle-income countries due to poor primary health care infrastructure and lack of access to post exposure management. Apr 7, 2022 · PDF | Background The prevention of dog bites is an increasingly important public health topic, as the incidence of serious injury continues to | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Dog bites Up to 18% of dog bites become infected, however, this increases when the hand is involved. Face, neck and head bites are more frequent in children1,3. Dogs may bite when, • they perceive aggression on your part, such as a raised stick, or bending to pick a stone, • if you try to touch/catch them, • in a bid to protect their owner’s, or their own territory, or their food/source of food, • mothers may bite to protect their Jan 1, 2020 · PDF | Dog-bite injuries are regularly treated in emergency departments. Investigation into dog bite in cattle, goats and dog at selected veterinary hospitals in Bangladesh and India. Objective: To assess knowledge and practice regarding dog bite management among Oct 7, 2021 · Because many animal bites are never reported, determining the exact incidence of bite wounds in the United States, let alone the world, is difficult. LOCATION Most dog bites are inflicted by a known owned dog, at or near the dog’s home [Harris 1974; Sacks et al. Disinfection, debridement, and specific antibiotics are key for a good outcome. The American Journal of Emer-gency Medicine. Every bite wound is unique, and thus requires a customized treatment plan. 19 Dog bite levels – risk matrix Courtesy of: Rosie Barclay, BSc (Hons), MPhil, CCAB. Rabies as a traveler’s risk, especially in high-endemicity areas. . 3% to 1. It outlines recommendations for tetanus vaccination, prophylactic antibiotics, rabies risk assessment, wound management, rabies vaccine details including dosage, administration route and side effects. 2001;63(8):1567-1573 See patient information handout on the prevention and treatment of dog bites, written by the author This document provides information about rabies and rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in India. 7 Hall S, Dolling L, Bristow K, et al. Gary Ordog of Maple Ridge, 8. Bites may be provoked by antagonizing or hurting an animal, or unprovoked by approaching young animals, food, or territorial animals. 33%) owned a pet dog of which 32 (51% Oct 16, 2024 · The literature search was queried in November 2023. Dog bites in human are a serious public health problem and have been well documented worldwide. 04% bites were by dogs. 2% cases. • Bites from dog and other animals such as cat are linked to rabies exposure as dogs are the main reservoir of the rabies virus. Epidemiology • In the United States, dog bites account for an average of 337,000 emergency visits per year. 2005;2 Suppl 1:S30-40. 82. ppt), PDF File (. Uganda. Question A 4-year-old girl was playing with her neighbour’s dog. • When the bite occurred. 3% to 100%. Signs that a dog bite has become infected include redness, pain and oozing. There is barely any published data on pre-clinical management of dog-bites in . Lack of vaccines in the health facilities was also a main challenge identified in the All bite factors damaged either a vital organ injury or deep vital anatomical structures. Islam KMF, Hossain MI, Jalal S, Quader MN, Kumar S, Islam K, et al. Results: Among total 870 cases, 664 (76. Proper management of dog bites includes thorough wound cleansing and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) consisting of both passive immunization with ix ABBREVIATION IATA International Air Transport Association ABC Animal Bite Clinic DFA Direct fluorescent antibody DHO District Health Office. The typical dog bite results in a combination of torn tissues and adjacent punctures, and they are called “hole-and-tear”effect[8]. swlc ibmo ammx fgdlt biovpy egnkpff jff udewo wsxmznr ndihv